I tried to run within steam flags, and it did finish correctly.

That's interesting, because, if I run the binary directly (~/Library/Application\ Support/Steam/steamapps/common/Factorio/factorio.app/Contents/MacOS/factorio) with -h or --dump-data, it works perfectly. $ ~/Library/Application\ Support/Steam/steamapps/common/Factorio/factorio.app/Contents/MacOS/fac...

I was able to repro this now even without any mods. Just the vanilla base game on Mac.

When I run it, the console just outputs:
the app keeps running, and when I close it, it crashes and this is the log.

Tried to run --dump-icon-sprites with a SE mod, and Factorio crashes. After a few "Warning! Sprite at XX is defined with 4 mipmap levels, but level 1 is expected to be at YY which is out of bounds", I get: 20.943 Error CrashHandler.cpp:641: Received 6 Factorio crashed. Generating symbolize...