There is no such file.
I opened the archive again and there is a config-path.cfg. So I deleted my factorio folder, and extracted the archive again into ~.

It works.
The problem was between the chair and the keyboard.

Hi
I have downloaded this version: https://factorio.com/get-download/0.16.51/alpha/linux64 Generic Linux tar package
After download, I unpacked it into ~
But when I try to start it, I get this error:
~/factorio/bin/x64$ ./factorio
0.000 Error Util.cpp:49: Error configuring paths: There is no ...